计算机辅助间接检眼镜下早产儿视网膜形态发育特征

Morphological development of premature retina： a study with an indirect ophthalmoscope-linked imaging system

目的 观察矫正胎龄33～46周早产儿视网膜正常发育的形态特点.方法 利用计算机辅助间接检眼镜成像系统对268例早产儿行眼底检查,检查过程实时录像.根据矫正胎龄,将268例早产儿分为33～34、35～36、37～38、39～40、41～42、43～44、45～46周7个观察组,对比分析各组早产儿黄斑形态变化、视网膜血管化进程及视网膜色素类型的形态变化情况.结果 随胎龄增加,黄斑部形态出现明显变化,在45～46周组中占96.0%;鼻侧视网膜血管化逐步上升,在41～42周组中鼻侧视网膜完全血管化,43～44周组中颞侧Ⅲ区视网膜完全血管化;眼底视网膜色素缺少向视网膜色素正常转化者不断增加,视网膜色素正常者在矫正胎龄45～46周组中占84.0%.结论 出生后早产儿黄斑部形态持续变化、视网膜血管继续发育;出生后不同时期早产儿眼底视网膜色素类型也有不同.

Objective To observe the characteristics of morphological development of premature retina at 33-46 weeks of gestational corrected age （GCA）. Methods A total of 268 premature infants were divided into 7 groups according to the GCA （33-34,35-36,37-38,39-40,41-42,43-44 and 45-46 weeks）. The ocular fundus of those infants were recorded and analyzed by an indirect ophthalmoscope-linked imaging system. Results As GCA increases, noticeable macular morphological changes occurred and recorded in 96% of infant at 45-46 weeks of GCA. Retinas were gradually vascularized at 41-42 weeks （nasal retina） or 43-44 weeks （area Ⅲ, temporal retina）, and pigmented in 84% of infant at 45-46 weeks of GCA. Cuuclusiou Macular morphological patterns, retinal blood vessels and pigments continue to develop in postnatal premature infants.