青岛高校218名在校大学生Heath-Carter法体型调查

Somatotype research using Heath-Carter anthropometry of 218 college students in Qingdao

背景:Heath-Carter体型法自20世纪60年代创立,现已成为国际上广泛使用的体型研究方法。近20年来,中国有多位学者应用此法分别对中国多个地区成年人和中小学生的体型进行了研究,然而对大学生体型研究的报道仍然较少。目的:运用Heath-Carter体型测量法对青岛高校在校大学生进行体型测量,并分析其体型特征,补充体质人类学的相关资料。方法:采用Heath-Carter体型法对218名在校大学生进行肱骨内外上髁、股骨内外侧髁间径及肱三头肌位、肩胛下位、髂前上棘位、腓肠肌位皮褶厚度,身高、体质量、臂最大收缩围和小腿围测量。10项指标均由专人负责,每项指标测量3次,取其平均值作为测量结果,并与其他地区大学生体型进行比较。结果与结论:218名学生均进入结果分析。青岛高校男性大学生平均体型值为6.4-2.7-3.0,属于均衡的内胚层体型;女性平均体型值为4.8-2.3-3.0,属于偏外胚层的内胚层体型。内因子和中因子平均值偏高反映出青岛高校男性大学生在肥胖程度、肌肉和骨骼发达程度上较女性偏大,而外因子平均值和HWR值的比较显示出男女大学生身体线性度相近;男生内因子平均离散度和HWR离散度较女生偏高,SAD为1.65±0.51,表明男女大学生体型具有一定的差异。相比较其他群体,青岛高校大学生的脂肪含量较多,肌肉、骨骼发达程度不足,身体线性度偏高。说明青岛高校在校大学生体脂含量高,肌肉、骨骼发达程度不足,体型修长。

BACKGROUND： The Health-Carter method is widely used in somatotype study since it is originated in 1960s. In recent 20 years, several scholars have made studies of adult and student somatotypes in many regions in China. However, the reports concerning college students are few. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the rules and characteristics of somatotype distribution of college students in Qingdao, Shandong province, so as to compliment the essential data for physical anthropology. METHODS： Employing Health-Carter method, the 218 college students were measured on the indexes of biepicondylar breadth of the humerus, biepicondylar breadth of the femur, tricps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, suprailiac skinfold, medial calf skinfold, body length, body weight, upper arm girth flexed and tensed and calf girth. Every index was measured 3 times and average values were adopted, and compared to that of other regions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Data of 218 college students were taken in the analysis. The mean somatotype data of male was 6.4-2.7-3.0, which focused on balanced endomorphy. The mean somatotype data of female was 4.8-2.3-3.0, focused on ectomorphic endomorph. Higher value of mean endomorphy and mean mesomorphy showed male students had much fat and more developed skeletal and muscle systems than female students. Compared with other regions, college students in Qingdao area were fatter,and skeletal and muscle systems were poorly developed. The comparison of the mean ectomorphy and the body length/body weight （HWR） showed that the male was close to the female on the body linearity. The mean endomorphy and the HWR were higher in males than in females, SAD was 1.65±0.51, which showed the existence of the differences between the male and the female. These findings suggest that the college students in Qingdao are fatter and have poorly developed skeletal and muscle systems with slimmer bodies.