自决与民主的异同比较及关系梳理

The Comparison and Relation between Self-determination and Democracy

自决与民主在表面上有相似之处,但两者有着重大的差别,主要表现为它们在创设疆界、实质内容、与独立建国的先后关系、制度化保障、主体及功能、权利性质等方面的不同。两者之间也有密切的联系,主要体现在早期的自决与民主的交织性、自决与民主的同根性、自决成为推动民主的杠杆之一。现实中将自决与民主关系搞混的原因有三:一是混淆了宪政意义上的自决权和国际法意义上的自决权,二是对于国际法有关自决条文的误读,三是"内部自决"和"世界民主"等概念的出现又加剧了这种混乱。梳理自决与民主之间混乱关系的最好办法就是不要将国际法意义上的自决权划分为内、外自决权,也不要将内部自决权与民主权利相嫁接。

Although they shares superficial similarities, there are some notable differences between self-determination and democracy. These differences mainly include： whether delimit a boundary line and the virtual contents or the declaration of independence is prior; the differences in the institutionalized insurance, subject and functions, the rights and properties, etc. At the same time, there are some close relations between self-determination and democracy. These relations include： the integration of self-determination and democracy in the early stages; the same origins of self-determination and democracy; self-determination is one of the levers to improve democracy. In reality, three reasons result in confusing the relationship between self-determination and democracy： the first is confusing self-determination in the sense of constitutional government with self-determination in the sense of international law; the second is misunderstanding or misinterpreting the clauses of international law; the third is further aggregating the confusion with the emergence of the concepts of internal self-determination and world democracy. The best way to resalve the confusion between self-determination and democracy is not to divide self-determination into internal and external self determination in the sense of international law, nor to associate internal self-determination with democratic rights.