刑事被害人国家补偿的理论基础与本土实践

The Theoretical Foundation and the Indigenized Practiceof National Compensation for Criminal Victim

犯罪被害人的国家补偿是指被害人在受到犯罪行为侵害而无法从犯罪人或其他途径获得赔偿时,依法由国家给予一定物质帮助的社会制度。刑事被害人的国家补偿有着深厚的理论基础,但我国刑事被害人很难从犯罪人那里获得赔偿,亦不能获得国家的有效补偿,遭受经济与精神上的双重煎熬。基于被害人面临的现实困境与被害人人权保障的宪法基础,我国有些地方对刑事被害人国家补偿制度进行了先行探索,这种探索,具有十分重要的意义。

The national compensation for criminal victim refers to a social system in which the victim gets some material help from the State according to the law when he can＇t obtain any compensation from the criminal or from other approaches. Although the national compensation for criminal victim has a profound theoretical foundation, the criminal victim in China is difficult to get compensation from the criminal, nor can access to national effective compensation, suffering dual economic and spiritual torment. Based on the real difficulties faced by victims and the constitutional basis for protecting victim＇s human rights, some provinces and cities in China have began to explore the system of the national compensation for criminal victim, which is of a great significance.