《全国万人健美操大众锻炼标准大赛》参赛动机之研究

Research on Participation Motivations of National Aerobics Competition

综合运用西方较为成熟的有关运动参与方面的量表,通过问卷对2009年参加全国万人健美操大众锻炼标准大赛的174名参赛者进行调查,了解其参赛动机和动机构成;不同组别参赛者在健美操文化认同、参赛动机和练习水平方面的差异;健美操文化认同、参赛动机特点和练习水平对赛事满意度的影响和未来参赛意向。研究结果显示出参赛动机是一个综合性的因素,包含了6个子因素,即智力动机因素、社会动机因素、技能掌握动机因素、集体代表动机因素、运动和生活娱乐动机因素、运动和消极规避动机因素。健美操文化的社会认同和运动与生活娱乐动机是参赛满意度的最强预测因素,对参赛满意度具有直接的影响。而运动和生活娱乐动机、健美操练习水平、集体代表动机和运动与消极规避动机是未来参赛意向的预测因素,说明运动和生活娱乐动机、健美操练习水平和集体代表动机越强,被访者将来继续参加比赛的可能性就越大。

A survey was conducted among 174 participants of the 2009 National Aerobics Competition to identify their motivations of attending the event. It was found participants in different groups showed statistically significant differences in their aerobics culture identity,their participation motivations,and their levels of exercise. Further,the results indicate that their aerobics culture identity,participation motivation,and exercise levels predict the participants＇ satisfaction toward the event and their intention to attend future events. The research also yielded a six motivational structure to attend the event including intellectual motivation,social motivation,mastery-competence motivation,group representation motivation,sport and life enrichment motivation,and sport and negative escape motivation. Participants＇satisfaction toward the event was positively affected by their aerobic culture social identity,and their sport and life enrichment motivation. Sport and life enrichment,group represen-tation,sport and avoid negative motivations,and the participants＇ frequencies of aerobics practices predicted the intention of the future attending of the events.