影响铝栅板上铅镀层孔隙率的因素探究

Investigation of Factors with Influence on Porosity of Lead Plating on Aluminum Grid Plate

铅酸蓄电池因其原材料丰富和价格便宜等优点而在军事、民用领域中广泛应用。为了更好地降低能耗,使铅酸蓄电池的电极薄型化、轻量化,选择铝栅板镀铅替代目前铅酸蓄电池中的纯铅板电极,可以有效地降低蓄电池的重量,这就要求铝栅板上的铅镀层必须具有良好的致密性。本试验对铝栅板镀铅过程的施镀时间,电流密度,镀液温度,pH值,预镀工艺等影响因素进行了研究,探讨了改善铅镀层致密性的方法。结果表明:施镀时间、电流密度、镀液温度和pH值对镀层孔隙率的影响较大,在施镀时间为30 min,电流密度为1.0 A/dm2,镀液温度为40～50℃,pH值在4.0～6.0之间时,所得铅镀层的孔隙率较低。不同的预镀工艺对镀层孔隙率也有影响,采用浸锌→水洗→电镀镍→水洗→电镀铜→水洗→电镀铅工艺时,铅镀层的孔隙率最低。

Due to the advantages of rich raw materials and low price,the lead acid storage batteries were widely applied to the military and civil fields.In order to further reduce the energy loss,a promising method is to replace the current pure lead electrode with the lead plated aluminum grid.By this way,the thickness of the electrode and the weight of the storage battery can be reduced effectively.However,a prerequisite is that the lead plating on the aluminum grid should have excellent compactness.In this experiment,the focus is on how to improve the compactness of the lead plating,including the influence of plating time,electric current density,bath temperature,pH value and pre-plating procedure on the porosity.The results show that the effects of plating time,electric current density,bath temperature and pH value on the porosity are significant. The lead plating is characterized by low porosity when the plating parameters were selected as： plating time of 30 min,electric current density of 1.0 A/dm2,bath temperature of 40～50 ℃,and pH range of 4.0～6.0.The change of pre-plating also gave rise to an influence on the porosity.The porosity is the lowest with the pre-treatment of zinc dipping treatment,water rinsing,electroplating nickel,water rinsing,electroplating copper,water rinsing and then electroplating lead.