获得性免疫缺陷综合征实验室诊断方法及其临床应用

Laboratory diagnosis methods and their clinical application for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)实验室检测是诊断HIV感染和获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的最基本依据,需力求准确无误,因为任何由假阳性或假阴性检测结果导致的误诊都将给受检者本人及其家庭和社会造成严重伤害。本文在介绍人体感染HIV自然史的基础上,对目前国内外应用于临床诊疗的相关实验室诊断方法,包括HIV的血清学和病毒学检测,AIDS疾病发展的实验室监测和抗病毒治疗中的耐药性问题等作简要综述。

HIV laboratory testing is the basic diagnostic evidence for people with human immunodeficiency virus（HIV） infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（AIDS） which needs perfect accuracy.Any misdiagnosis made by false negative or false positive results may cause severe impacts on clients in person,their families or society.This review introduces the natural history of HIV infection,and laboratory diagnosis methods used currently for HIV infection,which include serological and viral testing for HIV,laboratory monitoring on the disease course and detection of resistance to anti-HIV drugs.