元明汉语介词短语句法功能分析

The Analysis of Syntactic Functions of Prep.-phrases

元明汉语介词短语在句中主要作谓语动词的状语或补语,在一定条件下还可以作定语、主语和宾语。元明介词短语与《红楼梦》和现代汉语相比较,其状语和定语功能呈现增长趋势,补语表现出下降的态势。影响介词短语句法功能变化的因素,主要有介词短语的句法位置、介词成员的兴替和语言接触等主要因素,其中介词短语句法位置的变化是其最主要的因素。

The prepositional phrases in the sentences of the Chinese language in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties primarily function as the adverbials or complements of predicate verbs. Under certain conditions they also can be used as attributives, subjects and objects. Compared with the language in ＂A Dream of Red Mansions＂ and modem Chinese, the syntactic function of the adverbial and the attribute the prepositional phrases in the Chinese language in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties is on the increase, while the complement is on the decline. The factors that influence the syntactic functions of the prepositional phrases are mainly their syntactic positions, the changes of the prepositional members, language contact and the like, but the main factor is its syntactic position.