论晚清地方外交礼仪及地方官的态度

Comments on Local Diplomatic Rites and Local Officials' Attitudes in Late Qing Dynasty

晚清中外约章对地方外交礼仪的规定包括三部分:与外国官员往来礼、与传教士往来礼及与其他外国人往来礼,其中与官员往来礼仪规定最详,涉及公文格式、称谓等方面。这些规定从礼仪方面体现了鸦片战争后,清政府外交局势的深刻变化。地方官十分重视礼仪的作用,将其作为处理地方交涉的重要辅助手段,如借助外交礼仪抵制列强索取约定之外的外交特权,借助外交礼仪推动中外关系的发展等,都是他们重视和运用礼仪的表现。地方官对外交礼仪的重视和运用体现了他们对新的外交关系模式的应对和适应。

The local diplomatic rites in late Qing Dynasty contained three parts： rites with foreign officials,missionaries,and other foreigners,of which the first had more details.The diplomatic rites reflected the changing of the diplomatic situation in the late Qing Dynasty after the Opium War.Local officials made full use of these etiquettes as important assistant measures in dealing with foreign affairs,such as,to resist foreign powers from requesting for special diplomatic rights out of the treaties,to promote the development of the relationship between China and foreign countries.This reflected that local officials have coped with and adjusted to the new mode of foreign relationship.