西安市吸毒人员艾滋病和丙型肝炎感染及合并感染的调查

Investigation of HIV Infection,Hepatitis C Infection and HCV/HIV Co-infection among Drug Addicts in Xi'an

目的为了解西安市吸毒人群中艾滋病、丙型肝炎(丙肝)及两者合并感染的状况,分析其感染的高危因素,以便加强对吸毒人员的管理并为在该人群中提出针对性防控措施提供依倨。方法 2008年在西安市强制戒毒所采集578份吸毒人员的静脉血液标本,在健康门诊随机抽取健康检查人员静脉血液标本738份,用ELISA进行艾滋病抗体和丙肝抗体的检测,对于艾滋病抗体阳性者用蛋白印迹法再次确认。结果吸毒人员共578名,艾滋病抗体阳性者9名,阳性率1.6%;丙肝413名,阳性率71.5%;合并感染5名,阳性率0.9%。健康人员738名,无艾滋病阳性者,阳性率为0;丙肝阳性者6名,阳性率0.8%;无合并感染者,阳性率为0。吸毒人群中艾滋病的感染明显高于健康人群(P<0.01),丙肝感染也明显高于健康人群(P<0.01),合并感染同样高于健康人群(P<0.01)。结论西安市吸毒人群艾滋病、丙肝的感染率均超过健康人群,且丙肝的感染率远远超出艾滋病的感染率。共用注射器吸毒是该人群艾滋病及丙肝感染的主要原因,因此,该人群不仅是艾滋病防治的重点人群,而且是丙肝防治的重点对象。应该加强对该类人群的健康教育,并对其高危行为进行干预。

[Objectives]To understand the status of HIV infection,hepatitis C infection and HCV/HIV co-infection among drug addicts in Xi＇an,analyze the high risk factors of infection,in order to strengthen the management of drug addicts and provide the basis for making specific measures of prevention and control.[Methods]In 2008,578 venous blood specimens of drug addicts in Xi＇an compulsory detoxification centers were collected,and 738 venous blood specimens of healthy subjects in health clinic were selected randomly.The HIV and HCV antibody were detected by ELISA,and HIV-positive individuals were reconfirmed by Western blot method.[Results]Among 578 drug addicts,there were 9 HIV-positive individuals with the positive rate of 1.6%,HCV antibody was detected in 413 people with the positive rate of 71.5%,and HCV/HIV co-infection were found in 5 people with the positive rate of 0.9%.Among 738 healthy subjects,HCV antibody was detected in 6 people with the positive rate of 0.8%,and there was no HIV infection and HCV/HIV co-infection with the positive rate of 0.The HIV infection,hepatitis C infection and HCV/HIV co-infection in drug addicts were higher than those in healthy population significantly（allP0.01）.[Conclusion]The infection rates of HIV and hepatitis C of drug addicts were higher than those of healthy people,and the infection rates of hepatitis C were higher than that of HIV significantly.Sharing syringes among drug addicts was the main cause of HIV and hepatitis C infection,so the crowd is the key population for prevention and control of AIDS and hepatitis C.The health education should be strengthened in drug addicts,and their high risk behavior should be intervened.