龙眼种质资源花序性状多样性研究

Inflorescence trait diversity of Longan germplasm

选取国家果树种质福州龙眼圃保存的71份龙眼种质资源,进行花序性状多样性的研究。结果表明:(1)花序长度为19.9～39.4cm,花序宽度为14.0～33.0cm,花序支轴数为4.4～13.3个,雄花雄蕊数为7.1～8.8枚,花冠直径为5.8～8.8mm,5个数量性状变异系数为4.9%～19.9%。花序长度与花序宽度、花序长度与花序支轴数呈极显著正相关,花序宽度与花序支轴数呈显著正相关。(2)调查的龙眼种质花序数量性状分成5个级次,不同级次其比率也不同,差异较大。(3)不同原产地龙眼种质的花序长度和花冠直径2个花序数量性状存在明显差异,原产广东的龙眼种质花序长度显著长于原产福建的;而原产福建的龙眼种质花冠直径则显著大于原产广东的。(4)龙眼种质花序支轴紧密度、柱头形态、花序主轴颜色和花蕾颜色等4个描述性状也存在多样性;柱头形态以"r"形种质最多,占50.7%,叉形最少;花序主轴颜色以红褐色的种质最多,为60.6%,绿色最少;而花蕾颜色则以浅绿色的种质居多,占81.7%。

The inflorescence traits of 71 longan germplasms in the National Field Genebank for Longan in Fuzhou were studied. The result showed that （1） the inflorescence was 19.9-39.4 cm long and 14.0-33.0 cm wide with 4.4-13.3 secondary peduncles and 7.1-8.8 stamens in the male flower; （2） the variation coefficient of these five quartified characteristics ranged from 4.9% to 20.0%; （3） the length of the inflorescence was significantly correlated with the width or number of the axis; （4） the inflorescence width was significantly correlated with the number of axis; （5） each of the five characteristics had five different levels with rather different ratios among them; （6） the inflorescence length and width of the germplasms from different area varied greatly the length of the inflorescence of the germplasm from Guangdong was significantly longer than that from Fujian,and the corolla diameter of the germplasm from Fujian was significantly bigger than that from Guangdong; and （7） there were differences on the inflorescence of these longan germplasms in regard to the density of flower cluster,stigma shape,color of flower axis and color of flower bud as well the majority of the inflorescences （i.e.,50.7%） had an ＂r＂ shaped stigma,the fork-shaped the least; the majority of the inflorescence had reddish-brown axis （i.e.,60.6%）,the green-colored the least; and the greatest majority of buds were light green in color （i.e.,81.7%）.