保护义务与保护责任——广州谭静醉酒坠楼案引发的思考

The duty and liability of protection

广州谭静醉酒坠楼案以法院判决的形式,确立了朋友间因聚会饮酒而产生的互相照顾义务。这种义务既不同于《合同法》的约定义务,也不同于《侵权责任法》上不得损害他人合法权益的法定义务,而是特别结合关系下当事人之间互负的协助、照顾义务,属于安全保障义务范畴,只能基于个案裁判予以判断。这种义务与先契约义务、契约附随义务、后契约义务具有同质性,可合并成为民法上一种新类型的民事义务,即保护义务,违反保护义务产生的民事责任是保护责任。

＂The Case of Drunken Tanjing＂ established the duty of protection between friends drinking together. This duty is not a duty as that appointed in the form of a contract nor as the law that prohibits people from doing harm to other, but a duty of help each other under the special circumstances, and it belongs to the safety protection duty. Such duty has quality in common with the precontractual liability, contract auxiliary duty and postcontratual liability. It can be made into a new type civil duty and be named as protection duty.