张謇“导淮”:中国近代水利史上的一个转折点

Zhang Jian’s Huai River Treatment: A Turning Point in History of Water Conservancy in Modern China

张謇被称为"中国近代两位水利导师"之一,淮河的治导是张謇费心力最多的水利问题。以张謇导淮为契机,中国开始逐步培养专业水利人才;张謇导淮时所设北洋政府导淮局(后改为全国水利局)是国家级流域管理机构雏形;区别于传统的治水,张謇导淮把工程理性和价值理性相结合,形成了中国早期近代型水利工程设计的思路;在中国水利史上,张謇导淮上承传统官僚治水、经世致用之学治水,下启近代专家治水、科学治水的时代。

Zhang Jian,one of the two guides of water conservancy in modern China,took the treatment of Huai River as his major concern in water conservancy. Taking this as an opportunity,China began culturing professional staff in water conservancy.＂Huai River Treatment Bureau＂of Northern Warlords Government （later called＂National Water Conservancy Bureau＂） was China’s first modernized rudiment of national river basin authority. Zhang’s work,which combines instrumental rationality and value rationality,formed an earlier type of modern river treatment scheme in China. Zhang Jian’s work on Huai River treatment had connected the traditional water controlling,which was bureaucrat and practical,with modern water controlling,which is expert and scientific.