最佳轮轨匹配评价5原则

Five Evaluating Principles for Optimal Wheel/Rail Match

为了更好地研究轨道车辆动力学性能,在四种典型踏面(S1002、S1002G、XP55和LMA)轮轨匹配特性对比分析基础上,提出了最佳轮轨匹配评价5原则.与锥形踏面相比,曲线型面踏面赋予了轮轨匹配新的内涵,如等效锥度是反映轮轨横向力对运行质量影响的等效平均参数.在充分考虑了轮背距、轨底坡和轮径等轮轨参数影响的条件下,四种踏面的轮轨匹配表明,LMA和XP55可以满足高速车辆的稳定性和轮轨低动力作用的要求,但是,在踏面磨耗方面尚存在不足:LMA的轮缘根部以单一曲率圆弧作为过渡段且存在接触综合曲率"突变",有可能形成集中磨耗;而XP55在小半径R≤500 m曲线通过时牵引系数较高,有可能造成车轮打滑和轮缘接触.由于在轨道窗口内具有锥形踏面匹配特征,因而S1002被看作磨耗敏感型踏面.S1002G的改进设计意图是在轮背距1 353 mm和轨底坡1∶20的轮轨条件下进一步提高原S1002踏面的轮轨对中性能和导向性能,但需要利用抗蛇形减振器进一步提高其横向稳定性.根据国外轻轨车辆的运营经验,基于轮轨磨耗研究的"通用"轮轨型面方法是非常值得借鉴和研究的.

In order to improve the dynamical performances of railway vehicles,five evaluating principles for the optimal W/R match were proposed based on the W/R match feature in contrast of the four typical treads（S1002,S1002G,XP55 and LMA）.Compared with the conical tread,the curvelinear wheel profile endue the W/R match with the new intension,for example,the equivalent conicity is the equivalent mean parameter which is representing the influence of the lateral W/R force to the riding quality.In the case of fully considering the W/R parameters such as the distance between backs of the wheel flanges（BtB）,rail cant and rolling radius,etc.,the W/R match feature contrast of the four treads shows that LMA and XP55 can satisfy the stability and the low dynamical W/R interaction requirements of High-Speed Railway（HSR） vehicles,but there are some insuffiencies in tread wear： due to the mono-curvature transition in flange root and the break of the contact composite curvature,it is possible for LMA to be formed the concentrated worn tread;and XP55 may have the higher traction coefficient which causes the wheel slip in the small radius R≤500m curve negociation.Since having the conical tread′s W/R match feature in the window of track,S1002 is refered to the wear-sensitive type tread.The improved design intention of S1002G is that in the W/R condition of BtB=1353mm and rail cant 1∶20,the centering and guiding capability is enhanced relative to S1002.But lateral stability is needed to be improved further by anti-hunting damper.According to the foreign commerce management experiences of light rail vehicles,gerneric W/R Profiles based on the W/R wear investigations deserves highly our reference and study.