腹膜透析患者出口处感染和隧道炎的原因分析及护理对策

The Clinical Analysis of Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Exit Site Infections and Tunnel Infections

目的通过分析影响持续非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者发生出口处感染和隧道炎的因素,以减少此并发症的发生及避免其所致的严重后果。方法调查2005年2月1日至2009年10月31日在本腹透中心进行CAPD的终末期肾病的临床资料,发生出口处感染和隧道炎的原因,时间及相应的护理措施对其预后的影响。以单因素方差分析分别观察白蛋白及血红蛋白对出口处感染和隧道炎的影响。结果105例患者中有32例发生37次出口处感染和隧道炎,占我院腹透患者的30.4%,出口处感染31例,隧道炎6例。发生时间集中于6、7、8三月,该3个月发生的例数占总数的52.9%。其中致涤纶套外露4例,腹膜炎2例,住院6例。经相应的护理措施后均痊愈。白蛋白及血红蛋白对出口处感染和隧道炎无影响。结论营养因素对出口处感染和隧道炎的发生影响少,而出口处的损伤、出血及护理不佳是导致出口处感染和隧道炎的重要因素。因此应注重CAPD患者出院的培训与教育。小心放置导管并防止任何可能的外伤有重要意义。出口处感染和隧道炎的发生时间大多集中在夏季,故在此季节更应加强观察、随访及护理。当患者已发生出口处感染和隧道炎时,可通过加强换药、适当使用抗生素,可避免进一步发展至隧道脓肿、腹膜炎及涤纶套外露。

Objective We studied the clinical characteristics that influence the risk of dialysis-related exit site infections and tunnel infections complication.Methods A retrospective method was used to anlysis the risk factors of dialysis-related exit site infections and tunnel infections.Results Between Feb.2005 and Oct：2009,105 CAPD patients were recruited for analysis.During the sutdy period,37 episodes of exit site infections and tunnel infections were recorded.The most common times are 6.7 and 8 months.After the proper nursing,all patients were recovery.According to multivariate Cox proportional hazards model,Low serum albumin concentration and hypohemoglobin were not associated with exit site infections and tunnel infections.Conclusion The nutrition may be not associated with exit site infections and tunnel infections.The nursing should be reinforce in summer.