枣农间作系统小气候水平分布特征研究

Study on Horizontal Distribution Character of Field Microclimate in Jujube-crops Intercropping System

【目的】通过在环塔里木盆地干旱区,对不同枣农间作类型:枣麦间作(3 m×4 m,2 m×6 m)、枣棉间作(3 m×4 m,2 m×6 m)系统小气候方面的研究,以期完善枣农间作理论,为新疆枣农间作模式的优化及间作物的选择种植提供理论依据。【方法】使用Vantage Pro2自动气象站和KS4000手持气象站观测光照强度、空气温湿度、风速和风向等气象因子,同时使用WQG-15地面温度计观测地温。【结果】不同类型枣农间作系统的光照强度、温度、相对湿度和风速发生了不同程度的变化,同一类型中行间各点小气候水平分布也有区别,其中光照强度变化较大;不同间作类型相比,受光量排列顺序为枣麦间作3×4(m)<2×6(m)<CK-1(小麦地),枣棉间作3×4(m)<2×6(m)<CK-2(棉花田);同一间作类型内各点受光量排列顺序为行东、行西<行中<对照;4种间作类型下枣树的平均遮阴度分别为10.7%、6.7%、12.8%和9.5%;其它小气候因子在不同间作类型间各点间变化也较大。【结论】枣麦间作较枣棉间作共生期短,树冠遮阴时间就短,受光情况较好一些,但总体影响不大。其他小气候因子变化趋势基本一致。

【Objective】The microclimatic factors in different jujube-wheat intercropping densities（3 m×4 m,2 m×6 m） and jujube-cotton intercropping densities（3 m×4 m,2 m×6 m） were studied in the arid area of the Tarim basin,in order to improve theory of Jujube-crops intercropping,optimize intercropping model,and provide theoretic basis for crop selection.【Method】Auto-meteorology Vantage Pro2 and portable meteorological instrument KS4000 were used to observe the microclimatic factors,such as light intensity,air temperature and humidity,wind speed and direction.The ground temperature was tested by WQG-15 thermonmeter at same time.【Result】The climatic factors changed to some extent with different jujube-crops intercropping systems.Within the same intercropping system,the micro-climate varied in different lines,especially for light intenstity.Among the different intercropping system,the order of light intensity was 3×4（m） jujube-wheat intercropping〈2×6（m） jujube-wheat intercropping CK-1（wheat field）〈3×4 m jujube-cotton intercropping〈2×6（m） jujube-cotton intercroppingCK-2（cotton field）,while within the same intercropping system,the order of light radiation amount was eastern and western lines〈middle lines〈controls.The average shading rates of four intercropping systems were 10.7%,6.7%,12.8% and 9.5% respectively.Other microclimate factors varied as well.【Conclusion】The intergrowth period of Jujube-wheat was shorter than that of Jujube-cotton system,so the shading period was shorter and illumination was better.But the general influence was not severe.And the other microclimate factors had almost the same change.