牧区草地承包经营权流转及其对牧民生计的影响——以内蒙古草原牧区为例

The transfer of the right to grassland contractual management in pastoral areas and its impact on pastoralists'livelihoods——Take the pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia for example

牧区草地承包经营权流转,是伴随草原新三牧政策(休牧、禁牧、划区轮牧)实施、畜牧业增长方式转型、牧区产业结构调整、牧区剩余劳动力转移等过程集中出现,又事关牧区民生与构建和谐新牧区的一个崭新的重要研究命题。本研究阐明内蒙古牧区草地承包经营权流转现状与特征,指出伴随草地流转出现租赁期短、草畜平衡对草地流转限制等问题以及牧区草地流转动因与东中部土地流转不同、草地类型流转程度不同的特征。畜产品是牧民主要收入来源,草地流转价格低影响牧民增收、加大牧区剩余劳动力转移风险。在牧区调研的基础上,提出建立与完善草地承包经营权流转机制的政策建议。

The transfer of the right of prairie contractual management in pastoral areas is accompanying with the new three forms of grazing policy,seasonal grazing,prohibition of grazing and rotational grazing.the transformation of production mode of animal husbandry,the adjustment of industry structure,and the transfer of surplus labor in pastoral areas.It＇s a new important subject for pastoralists＇ livelihoods and building a harmonious pastoral area.This study clarified the status and characteristics of the transfer of the right to prairie contractual management in Inner Mongolia,pointed the problems such as short term rental,the restrictions of balance between livestock and natural resource on transfer,the different reason to the transfer of the right to prairie contractual management in pastoral areas and varying transfering degrees to different types of grassland management rights.Livestock products are the main source of livelihood,so the transfer price is very important to the income and the transfer of surplus labor in pastoral areas.Based on the Pastoral research,it proposed the policy recommendations about establishing and improving the transfer of the right to prairie contractual management in pastoral areas.