针织厂工人呼吸道变应性疾病的流行病学调查

An Epidemiological Survey of Allergic Respiratory Diseases in Rural Workers in Knitting Factories

目的了解针织厂一线车间工人呼吸道变应性疾病的流行病学特点,为开展有针对性的健康干预提供科学依据。方法选取中山市51家针织厂1280名一线车间工人作为观察组,同时选取首次进入城市打工的农村劳务工人1280名作为对照组,进行问卷调查、体检及实验室检查。结果观察组呼吸道变应性疾病患者150例,患病率为11.72%,对照组呼吸道变应性疾病患者22例,患病率为1.71%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组与对照组工作环境、日工作时间,工作环境中粉尘、化学纤尘、羊毛纤维及化学制剂的接触率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);针织厂工人的从业时间与呼吸道变应性疾病患病率间呈正相关(P=0.001);针织厂工人上呼吸道变应性疾病患病率与下呼吸道变应性疾病患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论针织厂一线车间工人呼吸道变应性疾病的患病率高,针织厂工人的从业时间越长患病率越高,患病以上呼吸道疾病为主;应加强针织厂一线车间工人的健康防护和健康干预。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of allergic respiratory diseases in front-line rural workers in Knitting factories,to provide a scientific basis for targeted health intervention.Methods A questionnaire survey,physical examinations and laboratory tests were performed in 1,280 front-line workers from 52 knitting factories （observation group） and 1,280 rural workers who came to the city to work for the first time （control group）.Results One hundred fifty of observation group had respiratory allergic diseases（11.72%）,22 of control group had it （1.71%）,the difference was significant （P〈0.05）.Observation group were significantly different from control in work environment,daily working time,and the contact rate of dust,fibre dust or chemical preparations （P〈0.05）.The employed time was positively correlated with prevalence of respiratory allergic diseases （r=0.849,P=0.001,respectively）.There was significant difference between prevalence of upper respiratory allergic diseases and that of lower （P〈0.01）.Conclusion The prevalence of respiratory allergic diseases,mainly upper respiratory allergic diseases,is high in workers in front-line workshops of knitting factories.The longer employed time is,the higher the prevalence is.Health protection and intervention should be boosted in workers in front-line workshops of knitting factories.