20世纪50年代苏联全民垦荒运动

The Great Reclamation in the Former Soviet Union in the 1950's

20世纪50年代,苏联党和国家领导人赫鲁晓夫振兴农业的一个最为宏大的行动计划,就是发动全民垦荒种粮。持续多年的轰轰烈烈的垦荒运动,虽然具有扩大农作物播种面积、增加谷物产量、带动畜牧业发展等积极意义,但是,赫鲁晓夫将其放在一切经济工作首位的做法是欠妥当的。另外,在西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦辽阔的草原地带以及半森林半草原地带开荒种地的同时,由于没有采取必要的生态环境保护措施,结果产生了影响苏联自身甚至欧洲国家的沙尘暴现象,进而导致六十年代初期新垦区的土地严重歉收。

In the 1950＇s and 1960＇s,the Great Reclamation was one of the huge operations conducted by Khrushchev,President of the former Soviet Union. The Great Reclamation enlarged the hectares of grain planting,increased the produce,and promoted the development of husbandry,but it was not proper for Khrushchev to put the Great Reclamation above all the other economic activities. Besides,due to the lack of protective measures for ecology,the Great Reclamation caused a lot of sand storms in the former Soviet Union and even the whole Europe,and further resulted in crop failure in the early 1960＇s.