清代顺天乡试特点刍议

The Characteristic of Provincial Examination in Qing Dynasty

清代乡试是省一级大规模的选拔性考试,是科举考试全过程中竞争最为激烈、影响最为深远的一级考试。由于清代顺天为京师畿地,地处全国的政治中心,所以其科举的特点是受政治的影响极大,表现为:顺天的乡试贡院也是全国的会试场所、乡试名额名列前茅、"冒籍"现象突出、乡试案频仍并且量刑过重,甚至科举改革也从顺天贡院开始。

Provincial examination in Qing dynasty is provincially large electoral examination.It is the most competitive and most fore-reaching examination in the entire process of imperial examination.Shuntian was capital area and country political centre in Qing dynasty.Therefore imperial examination in Shuntian was greatly influenced by Qing politics.It is illustrated as follows：Gongyuan,where examinees gathered for their provincial examination is the same place for the metropolitan examination;The number of examinees allowed for metropolitan examination were ranked first;The phenomenon of examinees with false registered residence is quiet evident;The cases concerning examinees with false registered residence frequently occurred and sentencing on such cases were heavily penalized;The reform of imperial examination was began with gongyuan in Shuntian