麦克白:伦理身份的转换与自我毁灭

The Ethical Identity of Macbeth:Desire,Ethic and Politics

从文学伦理学和心理分析的角度,探索麦克白伦理身份转换所蕴含的伦理思想。功臣、叛臣、国王三种身份的变化,是麦克白"本我"、"自我"、"超我"不断调节和斗争的结果。作为功臣,他享受着信任和荣誉,但是女巫预言的诱惑唤起他"本我"欲念。在欲望的驱使下,他破坏伦理秩序,沦为叛臣。麦克白作为一个臣子弑君篡权,颠覆自己的伦理身份,触犯了当时的伦理禁忌,最终咎由自取,造成悲剧结局。

In Macbeth,Shakespeare successfully created an image of ethical criminal with a multi-identity.From literary ethical and psychoanalytic point of view,this paper explores the ethical idea shown in Macbeth’s changing identity.Macbeth constantly adjusts his id,ego and superego,and consequently he switches his identity from the courtier,the betrayer and eventually to the king.When he is the devoted official,he enjoys the credit and honor.However,he is lured by the prophet of witches.Under the drive of id,he betrays the King by violating the ethical order,thus,subverts his ethical identity and takes the crown.Since he violates the ethic taboo of his time,he is doomed to meet his own tragic ends.