第二次近卫声明的发表与英国远东政策的调整

The Second Konoe Statement and Adjustment of British Policies in the Far East

第二次近卫声明的发表,标志着日本公然挑战《九国公约》对华政策的总原则,导致英日矛盾迅速激化。为此英国对远东政策做了较大调整,逐步放弃等待、观望的外交政策,走上援华制日的道路。英国调整远东政策主要基于以下考虑:一是利用中国的力量牵制日本,阻止日军南下,确保远东自治领的安全;二是阻止日本与德、意联手,确保欧洲和英国本土的安全;三是为争取美国的支持与信任;四是鼓舞远东自治领的士气。英国的远东政策调整完全是从现实主义的角度出发,虽在客观上利于中国抗战,但同时也在合作中英道路上埋下了冲突的种子。

The Second Konoe Statement marked Japanese overt challenge over the general principles of Nine-Power Treaty,which is the imperialist countries＇ policy to China.After the statement was issued,contradictions between Britain and Japan intensified.British adjusted policies in the Far East greatly,quit the wait-and-see diplomatic policies,and took the road of helping China and restrained Japan.The adjustment of British policies were based on the following considerations： first,making use of China＇s power to pin down Japan,so as to halt Japanese going down south and insure the safety of its Dominions in the Far East;second,stemming Japan＇s association with Germany and Italy,so as to insure the safety of Europe and Britain mainland;third,bidding for US support and trust;fourth,bolstering the morale of the Dominions.British adjustment of policies in the Far East was made entirely from the realistic angle,which was objectively favorable for China＇s resistance against Japan,but sowed the ＂seeds＂ of conflicts in future cooperation between China and Britain.