侵权责任范式下生态利益损害的救济障碍及应对

The Relief Barriers for Damage of Ecological Benefit in Paradigm of Tort Liability and the Response Measure

生态利益损害是独立的生态损害形态,因为目前公力救济存在一时难以解决的缺陷,试图在侵权责任范式下寻求新的救济途径。在侵权责任范式下,生态利益损害的救济存在3个现实性障碍。就生态利益损害能否获得侵权责任救济、如何计量受损生态利益的价值及侵权责任分配的3个障碍分别进行了阐释,认为生态利益具有独立的价值,符合侵权法的目标追求,应受到侵权责任制度的保护;因为受损生态利益的计量在技术层面上尚无公认的方法体系,但在司法裁判中可从生态利益的公共性、潜在性和未来性3个方面来自主裁量;主张采用危险责任原则,将生态利益损害的侵权责任分担给行为人。

It is a sole morphology for damage of ecological benefit, people trying to find a new relief channels in paradigm of tort liability, due to serious defects in public remedy. Nowadays, there are three reality barriers to relief damage of ecological benefit in paradigm of tort liability. The paper carefully analyzes three barriers on tort liability system whether or not relief damage of ecological benefit, how to measure the value of damaged ecological benefits and who undertake tort liability. It suggests that tort liability system should be relief damage of ecological benefit, because Tort Law protects sole value of ecological benefit. And it proposes judge＇s discretion to measure ecological benefit basis on the characteristics of publicity, potential and futurity, in that there is no generally accepted methodology for the measurement of damaged ecological benefits at the technical level. And also advocates using danger liability principle, to distribute tort liability of ecological benefit damage for doer.