保墒灌溉条件下冬小麦地土壤水分迁移转化规律研究

Study on Moisture Movement and Transformation Law under Soil Moisture Conserving Irrigation in Winter Wheat Field

[目的]为田间保墒灌溉提供理论依据。[方法]以小麦品种小燕6号为供试材料,对其进行3种不同的覆盖灌水处理(①秸秆覆盖;②地膜覆盖;③PAM化控调节覆盖),以非覆盖处理为对照,比较不同处理的蓄水保墒效果。[结果]不同保墒措施下冬小麦的耗水量均表现出前期小、中期大、后期小的特点,与对照小麦的耗水规律基本一致,但不同处理冬小麦的耗水强度因灌溉时间及小麦生长状况的不同而有所差异;各保墒处理均可抑制冬小麦开花前土壤水分的无效蒸发;PAM处理0～20cm土层土壤含水量略低于对照,但20～50cm土层土壤含水量略高于对照;不同处理土壤水分的差异主要体现在0～50cm土层。[结论]秸秆覆盖和地膜覆盖的抑蒸效果较好。

[Objective] The aim was to provide theoretical basis for field moisture conserving irrigation. [Method] With Xiaoyan No.6 as tested material,three different kinds of mulching irrigation treatments were carried out （straw mulching; plastic mulching; PAM control adjustment mulching）. With non- mulching treatment as control,moisture conserving effect of different treatments were compared. [Result] The results showed that the water consumption of winter wheat under different soil moisture conservation treatments was low at earlier stage and later stage,but high at mid-stage,which was consistent with the water consumption law of control. There were some differences in terms of consumption intensity because of irrigation schedule and growth condition; soil moisture conservation treatments could restrain ineffective evaporation of soil moisture before anthesis. We also found that the variation of soil moisture at depth of 0-20 cm in PAM and control treatment was dramatic. The soil moisture of the former was lower than the latter at the depth of 0-20 cm,but higher at the depth of 20-50 cm. The difference of soil moisture at the depth of 0-50 cm was significant. [Conclusion] Plastic mulching and straw mulching could restrain evaporation effectively.