分工深化、代工和迂回生产——基于古典经济学视角的研究

Deepening Division of Labor、OEM and Roundabout Production——From the Perspective of Classical Economics

借助于代工生产方式的工业化发展道路,虽然有助于发展中国家实现起飞或低端阶段的工业化进程,但是在发展中国家进行到高端工业化进程中,却广泛地出现了"低端锁定"的问题。本文基于古典经济学的分析视角,借助分工理论对代工生产方式进行了深入的分析,阐释了代工模式产生的条件,对以中国为代表的发展中国家和地区制造业"低端锁定"问题进行了深入探讨。本文认为技术水平落后的发展中国家和地区制造业在发展过程中,旨在充分发挥各自资源禀赋差异带来的比较优势的选择行为,将引导这些地区的制造业主动、自发自然的融入全球范围制造业分工体系,主动、自发自然的被"低端锁定"。因此,只有依靠相关政策制定部门通过产业政策和贸易政策的协调,从外部引导制造业企业实现企业升级和产业升级,弥补市场资源配置方式和分工机制的缺陷。

The industry development path under OEM model,although helps developing countries to realize ecomomic take-off or get into low stage of the process of industrialization,when developing countries get into high stage of the process of industrialization,＂low-locked＂ problems become extensive.The thesis is based on the analysis of classical development economics,uses the theory of labor division to analyzes the OEM model in-depth,interprets the conditions of OEM model,discusses in-depth the ＂low-locked＂ problems of the manufacturing in developing countries and regions with China as the representative.The thesis argues that when the manufacturing of low-technology developing countries and regions is in the process of development,the selective actions that aim to make full use of comparative advantages brought by different resource endowments,will lead the manufacturing of these rigions to integrate into the global labor division and become being low-locked initiatively and spontaneously.Therefore,we can only rely on the relevant policy-making departments to coordinate the industrial policy and the trade policy,to guide manufacturing enterprises to upgrade and realize industrial upgrading from the outside,to make up the market defects caused by market resource allocation and labor division.