中世纪晚期英国村庄共同体的公益与互助问题研究

On the Public Welfare and Mutual Aid of the Village Communities of England in the Late Middle Ages

中世纪晚期英国乡村世界是由一个个村庄共同体组成的,在村庄共同体内村民共同劳作、共同管理村庄事务、共同承担相应的义务和共享村庄公共资源。村庄共同体在社区的基础设施、村庄秩序等公共事业管理方面,在对孤儿的监护和老人的赡养等救济保障以及在村民互保互助中,都起到了非常重要的作用。村庄共同体的公益救济措施和方法对我国目前农村社区福利建设具有历史的启示和借鉴意义。

In England of the late middle ages,the village was featured by village communities where the villagers work together and manage the village affairs,share the public resources and shoulder relevant responsibilities.The village communities played an important role in the construction of the infrastructural facilities,keeping the order and the social relief systems to ward the orphans and support the dotage,as well as the cooperation among the villagers.Its measures and methods can be significant in giving us an inspiration in the construction of the pubic welfares among the rural communities in our country.