毒性鉴别评估(TIE)在沉积物毒性评估中的应用

Application of Ion-exchange Membrane Electrolysis to Pretreatment of Coke Plant Wastewater

沉积物毒性评估是水污染治理的基础性工作,也是关键性工作。建立一套科学可靠的沉积物毒性评估方法,对于科学设计疏浚方案、安全高效管理疏浚工程、阐明沉积物毒性与特定污染排放物的联系以及进行生态风险评价等活动都有着重要的意义。简要回顾了沉积物毒性评估方法的发展历程,详细地介绍了美国环保局最新修订的毒性鉴别评估程序(toxicity identification evaluation,TIE)的试验方法、主要过程和受试生物的选取。并结合我国沉积物毒性评价的现状,分析了TIE方法的优点与不足,重点指出TIE在我国应用过程中可能存在的问题。目前,TIE在我国沉积物毒性评价中的应用尚处于起步阶段,希望通过文章的介绍可以促进这种方法在我国的应用。

Sediment toxicity assessment is foundational and crucial for water pollution management. It is very significant to establish a scientific and reliable way of sediment toxicity assessment for designing scientific dredging program,managing the dredging works more safely and efficiently,clarifying relationship between toxicity of sediment and pollution emissions as well as taking activities such as ecological risk assessment. A review of development process of sediment toxicity assessment methods was briefly explained,main biological process and selection of organisms in the latest test method of toxicity identification evaluation methods （TIE） revised by the United States Environmental Protection Agency were presented in details. Compared with the study of sediment toxicity evaluation in China,advantages and disadvantages of TIE method were analyzed,problem which possibly occurred in the application process was proposed. TIE method is in its initial stage in the application of sediment toxicity assessment in China,further applications were proposed.