1949-2009:中国留学政策的发展、现状与趋势(下)

1949-2009:The Development,Status and Trend of the Policy on Chinese Studying Abroad

出国留学政策是中国对外政策的重要组成部分,并服从和服务于国际政治格局变动以及中国政府对国际关系的判断。不同时期出国留学政策的制定与调整,其根据是该时期留学人员群体性活动的特定状态。出国留学人员及其所从事的留学活动是出国留学政策形成、变革与发展的基本动力,国际政治格局以及中国对外关系状态是左右和影响出国留学政策形成的基本条件,出国留学活动的特点以及留学人员的生存状况是出国留学政策调整的主要因素。及时和妥善解决出国留学活动中出现的各种问题,是出国留学政策调整的不间断性任务。建国60年来的出国留学活动经历了"文革"前、"文革"期间和改革开放以来三个历史发展阶段,留学政策则经历了七次具有明显阶段性特征的战略性决策和调整,在为中国现代化建设培养人才和开展中外国际教育交流方面取得了令人瞩目的成效。实事求是地审视出国留学政策和出国留学活动的历史演变,将对中国留学活动前景的预测和出国留学政策趋势的定位起到积极作用。在目前出国留学活动进入繁荣发展时期,且留学人才安全面临的威胁尚未根本消除的状态下,在中国现有政治体制框架内,必须在坚持"党管留学人才"原则的指导下,不断创新和完善出国留学政策体系。

The policy of Chinese studying abroad is one part of China＇ s foreign policy, which obeys and serves the international political situation and the judgement to the international relationship by Chinese government leaders. The basis for the policy establishment and adjustment is from the special active status of Chinese students abroad during different periods. Chinese students abroad and their activities form the basic power which drives the policy to be made, reformed and developed. The international political structure and Chinese foreign situation are the essential condition which control and change the policy. The characteristic of Chinese studying abroad and their living status constitute the main factors which lead the policy to be adjusted. Resolving all kinds of the problems in Chinese studying abroad promptly and properly is the continuing target which the policy aims at. The history of Chinese studying abroad has experienced three phases which are before ＂Culture Revolution＂, during ＂Culture Revolution＂ and after ＂Reform and opening -up＂ since New China was set up in 1949, while the policy has been strategically changed for seven times. Chinese government sending students abroad has succeeded so much that it can be seen in both Chinese morden business and Sino -foreign education exchange. The policy and activity of Chinese studying abroad have to be examined impersonally and impartialy because such research work will usefully help the both go well. Today, Chinese government is still facing the difficulty caused by the brain drain although Chinese studying abroad has been into a flourishing period. This paper argues that the guide rule that talents must be supervised by CCP should be insisted inside Chinese political system, and on the other hand, the policy for Chinese studying abroad should be reformed and renewed further.