上海城乡结合区婴儿脐带血铅及汞水平的研究

An investigation of lead and mercury levels in cord blood of infants in junction of urban and rural areas of Shanghai

目的 了解上海市城乡结合区婴儿脐带血中铅和汞的暴露情况,分析其危险因素,为减少暴露提供依据.方法 收集2008年10～12月上海市城乡结合区某医院足月分娩的健康新生儿,采集脐带血,分别用石墨炉原子吸收分光光谱仪及DMA-80自动测汞仪测定铅和汞的浓度;同时通过问卷调查,分析与铅、汞暴露相关的高危因素.结果 共调查新生儿135例,脐带血铅和汞几何均数为39.05±1.52μg/L、1.33±1.58μg/L.多元线性回归分析结果 显示,家庭水管材料（B=0.221,P=0.019）及母亲文化程度（B=-0.205,P=0.029）与婴儿出生时脐带血铅水平相关;母孕期食用海鱼（B=0.213,P=0.021）与油炸食品（B=0.192,P=0.037）与脐带血汞相关.结论 与国内外其他许多城市和地区相比,上海市城乡结合区的新生儿脐带血铅和汞的水平较低,其危险因素的分析结果 与其他研究相符,但还需要进一步加强对育龄妇女的健康教育,降低胎儿宫内暴露.

Objective To investigate lead and mercury levels in cord blood of infants in the junction of urban and rural areas of Shanghai and to analyze their respective risk factors so as to provide a basis for reducing lead and mercury exposures. Methods All healthy term neonates with 36 -42 weeks of gestation born in a hospital which was located in the junction of urban and rural areas of Shanghai in a period from October to December, 2008 were selected. The cord blood samples of the neonates were taken and serum levels of lead and mercury of the neonates were detected respectively by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and DMA-80 automatic mercury analyzer. At the same time, the risk factors of lead and mercury exposures were investigated with a questionnaire. Results A total of 135 neonates were investigated. The geometric means of lead and mercury of the neonates were 39.05 ± 1.52 μg/L and 1.33 ±1.58 μg/L respectively. The multiple linear regression showed that the lead level in cord blood of the neonate at birth was related to household plumbing materials （B =0.221, P =0.019） and maternal educational level （B = -0. 205, P = 0.029）, and the mercury level in cord blood of the neonate at birth was related to eating sea fish （ B = 0. 213, P = 0. 021 ） and fried foods（ B = 0. 192, P = 0. 037 ） during pregnancy. Conclusion Compared with many other domestic and foreign cities and regions, the cord blood levels of lead and mercury of the neonates born in the junction of urban and rural areas of Shanghai are in lower levels. And the analysis results of risk factors of lead and mercury exposures are basically consistent with other studies. However, health education for women in childbearing age should be strengthened so as to reduce fetal lead and mercury exposures further.