焦山古炮台夯土成分分析及建造工艺研究

Research on rammed earth composition and building craftsmanship in ancient emplacement at Jiaoshan

夯土建筑是中国古代建筑的典型代表,现今许多古代建筑的夯土成分、配比及制作工艺已基本失传,夯土的力学性能取决于夯土成分、夯筑方法等,是夯土的重要性能。研究古代建筑夯土成分及性能对于我国古代夯土建筑保护和古代夯土技艺研究具有重要意义。为此,本工作以焦山古炮台夯土为研究对象,使用传统配制和夯筑工艺,在水分控制、糯米汁制作等方面取得一些经验,通过力学性能对比分析、成分分析、X射线衍射分析等,认为4:3:3仿制夯土的各项指标与焦山炮台古代夯土最为接近,可看作古代夯土近似配比。在此配比下模拟传统夯筑工艺,应用于焦山古炮台修复工程取得了较好的效果。

Rammed earth construction is typical representative of Chinese ancient structures. Nowadays, the composition, mixture ratios and the craftsmanship used in rammed earth construction have almost been lost. The mechanical performance of rammed earth depends on its composition and ramming techniques, which are of great importance. The study on the components and performances of the old structures is very important for the protection of ancient rammed earth structures and for research on the craftsmanship of rammed earth structures. Therefore, the composition and craftsmanship used in the ancient rammed earth emplacement at Jiaoshan were studied, including water control, sticky soup preparation and so on. Comparative analyses of mechanical properties, composition, and X - ray diffraction results,indicated that the ratio of earth to lime to pinyin, which is 4：3 ： 3, best approximates the composition of rammed earth used at Jiaoshan ancient emplacement. With this mixture ratio, good results have been reached in the repair of repair of the ancient emplacement at Jiaoshan.