宁夏旱砂地枣瓜间作栽培技术研究

Investigation on Intercropping Cultivation Technology of Jujube-watermelon in Dry Sandy Land of Ningxia

[目的]为枣瓜间作生产实践提供理论指导。[方法]通过调查枣树根系、土壤水分、西瓜的产量品质和效益、西瓜根系的垂直分布研究了压沙地枣瓜间作的栽培行间距。[结果]枣树与西瓜的根系主要分布在0～40mm的土层中。在试验枣园,8月16日之前土壤含水量在8%～10%波动;8月16日之后大幅度上升。在整个调查期,20cm深处的土壤含水量最高。土壤含水量垂直变化趋势为:20cm>40cm>60cm。土壤含水量的总体变化趋势为:行间400cm>行间150cm>行间50cm。2009年,在补水180m3/hm2条件下,西瓜平均产量为10792.5kg/hm2。西瓜中瓤的可溶性固形物含量达12.05%,边瓤可溶性固形物含量达9.9%,西瓜平均产值为6412.5元/hm2。[结论]建议压砂地枣树定植株行距3.0m×8.0m,套种西瓜的株行距为1.6m×2.0m,枣树定植1～2年后套种3行西瓜;定植3～4年后套种2行西瓜,定植5年后不套种作物。

[Objective] The purpose was to supply theoretical guidance for production practice of jujube-watermelon intercropping.[Method] The cultivation row space of jujube-watermelon intercropping in pressed sandy land was studied through investigating roots of jujube tree,soil water,the yield,quality and profit of watermelon and the vertical distribution of watermelon roots.[Result] The roots of jujube tree and watermelon were mainly distributed in the soil layer of 0-40 mm.In the investigated jujube orchard,the water content in soil was varying between 8% and 10% before Aug.16th and increased greatly after Aug.16th.In the whole investigation period,the water content in soil at the depth of 20 cm was highest.The vertical change trend of water content in soil was：20 cm〉40 cm〉60 cm.The total change trend of water content in soil was：row space of 400 cm〉row space of 150 cm〉row space of 50 cm.In 2009,under the condition of supplementing water 180 m3/hm2,the average yield of watermelon was 10 792.5 kg/hm2.The soluble solid content in center and edge of watermelon was 12.05% and 9.9% resp.The average output value of watermelon was 6 412.5 yuan/hm2.[Conclusion] It was suggested that the field planting plant and row distance of jujube trees in pressed sandy land was 3.0 m×8.0 m,the plant and row distance of intercropped watermelon was 1.6 m×2.0 m.After the jujube trees were grown in field for 1-2 years,3 rows of watermelon could be intercropped among their rows.After they were grown in field for 3-4 years,2 rows of watermelon could be intercropped among their rows.After they were grown in field for more than 5 years,there was no crop intercropped.