武汉市郊晚稻氮磷钾肥效果及推荐用量研究

Study on Effects of Nitrogen Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers and Recommended Dosage for Late Rice in Wuhan Suburb

[目的]探讨氮、磷、钾肥对晚稻产量和经济效益的影响。[方法]以金优402为供试晚稻进行肥料效应试验,分析研究氮、磷、钾肥对晚稻产量和经济效益的影响,并建立肥料效应模型,结合生产实际情况,确定肥料施用量。[结果]氮肥和钾肥对晚稻具有显著的增产增收效果,获得的最大增产量分别为1288和555kg/hm2,相应增产率分别为23.7%和8.8%,纯收益分别为1195和350元/hm2,而磷肥的增产效果不显著。通过拟合一元二次肥效模型,结合试验实际情况,确定晚稻的氮、磷、钾肥的最高产量施肥量分别为149、61和116kg/hm2,最佳经济施肥量分别为122、46和45kg/hm2。[结论]晚稻合理施肥具有显著的增产增收效果,施肥量超过一定范围后,稻谷产量和经济效益呈下降趋势。

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the effects of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield and economic benefit of late rice.[Method] Jinyou 402 was taken as tested late rice for fertilizer effect experiment in order to analyze the effects of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield and economic benefit of late rice,and combining with production practice,the fertilizer application amount was determined by establishing fertilizer effect model.[Result] The yield and economic benefit of late rice increased significantly with nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application and their highest yield gain were 1 288 and 555 kg/hm2,the corresponding increscent rate were 23.7% and 8.8%,and the net income were 1 195 and 350 yuan/hm2,respectively.However,the effect of phosphorus fertilizer was not remarkable.Combining with factual condition and according to fitting one-place quadratic fertilizer effect model,fertilizer application amount of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for highest yield were 149,61 and 116 kg/hm2,the optimum fertilizer application amount for the highest economic benefit were 122,46 and 45 kg/hm2,respectively.[Conclusion] Late rice had obvious high-yield and economic benefit effect by rational fertilization.However,when fertilizer application amount exceeded a certain range,the yield and economic benefit of rice showed downtrend.