称谓词“阿婆”综论

The Pragmatic Ambivalence and Semantic Changes of the Appellation Word "A Po"

"阿婆"是现代汉语口语中的常用社交称谓词,也是我国历代典籍中颇为活跃的常用词。"阿婆"一词自六朝出现以来,词义上就处于不断地发展变化之中,唐五代时更是达到了顶峰,词义极为丰富。出现"同名异指"的丰富词义现象,主要和词义系统内部的演化有关,但也与其亲属称谓词的性质密不可分。"阿婆"丰富的词义带来了语用上的模糊性,今人往往难以辨识古文中"阿婆"的具体所指。同时,古人又善于利用"阿婆"本身语义的模糊来达到实际语用的模糊效果,所以有时则不必过分追求文献中"阿婆"的具体词义。

＂A Po＂ is a highly used word in modern spoken Chinese, also widely used in ancient books. The article inspected the rich semantics on ＂A Po＂ from the lasted angle, and pointed out that the prosperous time of the rich semantics on ＂A Po＂ is in Tang dynasty and Five dynasties. The inter- hal development of the meaning system and the extensive use of Chinese addresses are the main factors of the rich semantics on ＂A Po＂. The semantic discussion about ＂A Po＂ is helpful to grasp the precise meaning of ＂A Po＂ in the historical document inevitably. But on the other hand, we sometimes do not need to pursue the specific meaning of ＂A Po＂ in the literature, because of the semantic fuzziness itself.