南极阿德雷岛企鹅机体组织、蛋卵和粪土中PCBs和OCPs的分布

Distribution of organochlorine residues-PCBs and OCPs in tissue,eggs and dropping-amended soil of penguins in Antarctic

南极阿德雷岛企鹅（2003和2006采集的两只企鹅机体组织）中检出持久性有机氯污染物（POPs）多氯联苯（PCBs）和有机氯农药（OCPs）,分析测定了头颅、脂肪、肌肉、骨质和尾臀腺中的PCBs和OCPs。脂肪和尾臀腺中的有机氯含量比其他组织要高得多,（PCB含量范围为（126.9~277.0）×10-9;HCB为（43.2~197.0）×10-9;ΣHCH为（0~20.7）×10-9;ΣDDT为（79.4~110.1）×10-9。同时测定了企鹅、贼鸥和巨海燕蛋卵中的有机氯残留,结果显示,企鹅卵中检出POPs含量要远低于贼鸥和巨海燕。对卵样的POPs数据进行统计分析发现不同鸟种POPs积累水平的差异取决于不同鸟种的生态习性,如活动范围、迁徙距离、觅食习性等。另外,对海鸟栖息地粪土样进行的研究发现POPs含量随着不同海鸟的食谱宽窄和巢址选择的不同而变化。

The Antarctic penguins are excellent indicators of polychlorinated biphenyls（PCBs） and organochlorine Pesticides（OCPs）,which reach the Antarctic either by atmospheric or maritime transport and are concentrated through the food chains.They are found mainly in lipids,both in adipose and other tissues of the organisms.Tissue samples of one Pygoscelis papna and one Adrlie penguins were collected during the summers of 2003 and 2006.PCBs and OCPs were analyzed in the brain,adipose,muscle,bone and uropygial gland,The levels found in adipose and uropygial gland were higher than in other tissues and the concentrations ranges of ΣPCB,HCB,ΣHCH and ΣDDT were（126.9～277.0）×10-9,（43.2～197.0）×10-9,（0～20.7）×10-9 and（79.4～110.1）×10-9,respectively.The residue levels of PCBs and OCPs in eggs of Penguin,Brown Skua,South Polar Skua and Giant Petrel were also determined.The results showed that the concentration ranges of POPs in the eggs of penguins,Brown skuas and Giant Petrel were（2.0～10.2）×10-9,（12.5～294.2）×10-9（wet wt）,respectively.The dominant POP compounds in the eggs are PCB153,PCB180,P,P＇-DDE and hexachlorobenzene（HCB）.Statistical analysis on the POPs concentrations from the different seabird eggs implies that the difference in the bio-concentration levels mainly depends on the bio-habits of the species,such as the range of activity,distance of immigration,feeding pattern and nest occupation.Among these,the most important factor is the location of the seabirds in the food chain and their feeding pattern.Additionally,this study also shows that the concentration of POPs in the seabird-dropping amended soil varies with the extent of predation and nest occupancy of different seabird populations.