铝型材挤压成型过程有限元模拟及模具优化设计

Numerical Simulation of the Extrusion Process of Aluminum Profile and Die Structure Optimization

应用UGNX建立了平面分流组合模的几何模型,利用有限元软件DEFORM-3D对挤压过程进行有限元模拟,研究了挤压铝合金空心型材时金属的流动情况。模拟结果表明,即便是对称性较好的铝合金窗用光企型材(有一个对称轴)模具,按照常规的设计方法也很难避免金属的流速不均问题,影响型材的成型度。对于绝大多数空心型材来说,其断面往往都是不对称的,仅依靠设计者的经验和判断设计模具是很难避免金属流速不均问题的。而采用有限元模拟的方法,则可以及时发现设计中存在的不足,并通过修改设计方案,达到满意的效果,为设计模具提供科学的依据。

A solid geometry model of porthole die was built up by UG NX.The extrusion process was simulated using finite element method analysis software DEFORM-3D,and the material flow of the hollow profile during the process has been researched.The result declared that even though by using aluminum alloy windows porthole die which had better symmetry（one axis of symmetry）,based on the constant design,the material flow velocity of the hollow profile was still non-uniform which was effected the quality of profile.The cross-sections of the most hollow profiles are not symmetric,so it is very hard to avoid the material flow velocity non-uniform only by the experience of designers.However,the shortcoming of the design can be found timely by using the FEM,and getting a satisfied result by modify the scheme,and also provide a scientific reference for porthole die design.