马斯洛需要理论的片面性及其出路

Onesidedness of Maslow's Theory of Human Needs and its Correction

人的需要是唯物史观的基础性概念。但是我们对它的理解主要来自马斯洛需要层次理论,然而这一理论总体上是不科学的。其最薄弱的地方是颠倒了生理需要和安全需要的关系,错误的原因在于混淆了需要的分类和分层问题,结果就是片面性。出路是把它和马克思主义的需要理论综合起来,把握需要的全面性,因为全面性是需要的基本规律。其理论意义是帮助理解人的本质,人在本质上是全面的;其现实意义是作为人和社会全面发展的依据。

Human need is a basic concept of historical materialism.Our understanding about it mainly derives from Maslow＇s hierarchy theory of need which is,on the whole,not scientific enough in that it reverses the relation of physiological need and need for safety,thus confusing the matters of kind and level,only to become onesided as a result.The way to get it corrected is to combine it with Marxist theory of need and to grasp the matter of need comprehensively,because the comprehensiveness of need is a basic rule,and its theoretical meaning lies in its help in understanding the human nature,and its realistic significance lies in its role as a basis for the overall development of human being and society.