青藏高原黄金菇营养成份分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components of Floccularia luteovirens in Tibet Plateau

为了对我国青藏高原黄金菇的食用、营养、药用价值和安全状况作出科学评价,以为黄金菇资源的开发利用提供科研基础数据,采用国标法,对黄金菇子实体的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、可溶性糖等主要营养成份、矿物质、氨基酸组成与含量、维生素、活性成分多糖以及重金属元素等含量进行测定,并与同步检测的香菇和双孢蘑菇含量进行比较分析。结果表明,与香菇和双孢蘑菇相比,黄金菇具有高含量的粗蛋白、氨基酸和矿物质,同时还含有很高的维生素B1、B2,维生素C和维生素E。此外,黄金菇的粗多糖含量略高于香菇,但低于双孢蘑菇。黄金菇4种重金属铅、镉、砷和汞的含量均远远高于香菇和双孢蘑菇,其中铅和砷含量尚在国标规定的食品安全标准范围之内,而镉和汞含量均超过了国标规定的食品安全标准。黄金菇是一种极具开发利用前景的珍稀菌根食用菌,但重金属元素超标尤其值得重视。

By using national standard method,the contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber,soluble sugar, amino acids,minerals,vitamins,polysaccharide of active substance and heavy metals in three edible mushrooms, Floccularia luteovirens,Lentinula edodes and Agaricus bisporus were simultaneously determined and compared with each other. The edible, nutritional and medical values of F. luteovirens in Tiber plateau were evaluated. The results demonstrated that comparing with L. edodes and A. bisporus,F. luteovirens in Tiber plateau was richer in crude protein, amino acids,minerals,Vitamin B1 ,B2 ,Vitamin C and Vitamin E. In addition,the content of crude polysaccharide in F. luteovirens was higher than in that of L. edodes and lower than in that of A. bisporus. The contents of four heavy metals of Pb,Cd,As and Hg in F. luteovirens were far higher than in that of L. edodes and A. bisporus. In conclusion,as a precious and rare mycorrhizal edible fungus,F. luteovirens is especially worthy of being developed and utilized in the future. However,it deserves special attention that the contents of heavy metals exceed the national standard.