环境因子对大麻纤维产量和质量影响的研究进展

A Review on the Impacts of Environmental and Physiological Factors on Fiber Yield and Quality of Industrial Hemp

大麻(Cannabis sativa L.)是重要的"绿色纤维植物"之一,如何提高大麻的纤维产量和质量是研究的热点。本文基于大量的研究报告,分析环境因子和生理因素对大麻纤维产量和质量的影响:种植密度影响茎中纤维含量和导致植株自疏;开花和预测开花对大麻的收获和质量有重要的影响;播种时间会因光照时间、温度和株冠遮盖地面的不同而影响大麻生长;氮肥会影响茎纤维含量并直接导致植株自疏,钾肥能显著提高大麻产量,植株中碳、氮含量在大麻性别表达中起重要作用而间接影响纤维产量和质量;叶序从对生到互生是营养生长向生殖生长转变的信号,同时导致茎节增多、节间变短,从而影响纤维质量。最后针对大麻研究存在的问题提出了对策和建议。

Industrial hemp （Cannabis sativa L. ） is one of the most important ＂green fibers＂, and how to increase the quality and yield of hemp fiber has become a research hotspot nowadays. This paper analyzed the impact of environmental and physiological factors on the hemp fiber quality and yield according to a lager number of research reports. The result shouled that ：plant density influeneed fiber content in hemp bast and caused hemp self-thinning. Flowering and prediction of flowering had an important impact on harvest time and fiber quality of hemp. Sowing date affected hemp growth by virtue of day length, temperature and canopy construction. N fertilizer influenced fiber content in hemp bast and directly caused hemp serf-thinning, and K fertilizer could obviously increase hemp yield. Both the content C and N played an important role in the expression of hemp sex, which indirectly affected the quality and yield of hemp fiber. The change of phyllotaxis from opposite to alternate was a signal of the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth and led internodes to increase in the number and decrease in the length, which finally influenced the yield and quality of hemp fiber. At the end, some suggestions to cope with the problems in hemp research were discussed.