基于通用运动模型的五轴机床后置处理

Postprocessor based on generalized kinematics model of five-axis machine tools

在分析各种五轴数控机床结构的基础上,运用机构学理论建立一种通用的五轴机床机构学模型。利用齐次坐标变换矩阵和正向运动学分析得到通用五轴机床结构的形状创成函数,通过对形状创成函数进行逆向运动学分析得到五轴数控数据完整的表达式,实现了各种配置类型的正交和非正交五轴机床数控数据的通用表达和不同类型五轴机床之间数控数据的相互转换,提高了数控代码的通用性和可移植性。最后基于通用模型,使用C++和QT开发出了一种五轴机床通用后置处理程序,并通过VERICUT仿真软件和实际加工验证了所开发的后置处理的可行性和高效性。

The general kinematics model of five-axis machine tools was constructed by using the mechanism theory on the analysis of five-axis machine tools configuration.The machine tool＇s form-shaping function matrix was derived from the homogeneous coordinate transformation and the forward kinematics.The analytical equation of NC data was obtained by analyzing the inverse kinematics and the form-shaping function.The derived five-axis NC code expression was a general form,which was applicable to all kinds of five-axis machine tools structure with orthogonal axes or non-orthogonal axes.The original NC data for a specific machine tool could be transformed to the other machine tool configurations by using the derived analytical equations so that the portability of the NC data could be greatly promoted.Finally,a postprocessor system written by C＋＋ QT software was developed according to the presented model.Through the implementation of the developed postprocessor and the verification by adapting the NC simulation software VERICUT as well as the real machining experiment,the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed methodology were demonstrated.