韦伯与吉登斯的“行动”与“结构”论研究——兼论对我国社会建设的启示

Weber's and Giddens' Discussion on "Action" and "Structure"——And Comment on the Inspiration to Social Construction in China

古典社会学家马克斯.韦伯和当代社会学家安东尼.吉登斯关于"行动"与"结构"的论述不仅具有代表性,而且反映了古典社会学与当代社会学对社会建设状况的反思。韦伯论述呈现出"单向作用论"。在社会建设方面,韦伯警示应该重归社会。吉登斯的"双向互动论"摒弃二元对立,重塑二重性,认为当代社会是"反思性现代社会"。在社会建设方面,吉登斯主张不仅要实现"去传统化",并且要在反思性监控机制影响下开展社会建设,做到协调发展、统筹兼顾。

The discussions given by classical sociologist Max Webers and contemporary sociologist Anthony Giddens on ＂Action and Structure＂ not only have a representative effect, but also reflect the thoughts of both classical and eontemporary schools about the construction of a society. In Weber＇s discussion, he shows his inclination to the ＂unilateralism effect＂ and analyzes the frustrations appeared in the development of capitalist society, giving his guidance to the content of social construction with the proposal of returning to society as a warning. Giddens＇ idea of ＂bidirectional effect＂ has reshaped the duality by means of renunciation of the dualistic opposability. He regards the contemporary society as a reflexive modem society, and supplies his guidance to the social construction with the approaches of social construction. He not only advocates the ＂detraditionalization＂, but also insists on carrying out the construction of society under the influence of the reflexive monitoring, and he stresses that the bnlaneed development and the overall consideration of every factor should be of equal weight.