不同生态条件下葡萄叶部微生物区系分析

Analysis of the adnascent microbial flora of grape leaves under different conditions

采用稀释平板法,对兰州市红古区露地和天祝县日光温室栽培‘红地球’葡萄叶部微生物进行分离计数和丝状真菌的纯化鉴定。结果表明,红古露地栽培葡萄叶部微生物的数量显著高于天祝日光温室。从幼果膨大期到果实成熟期,真菌数量均逐渐增加到最大值,其中红古葡萄叶部为2.89×102cfu/cm2,天祝葡萄叶部为0.49×102cfu/cm2,采收后均略有下降。细菌数量,红古葡萄叶部的变化与真菌相似,最高达12.68×102cfu/cm2,天祝葡萄叶部则在果实着色期达到最高值1.27×102cfu/cm2,后下降并趋于稳定。红古葡萄叶部的真菌种类和出现频率有一定的连续性,其中链格孢属(Alternaria)、盾壳霉属(Coniothyrium)、芽枝霉属(Cladosporium)在红古和天祝两种生态条件下均占优势,出现频率最高分别达到56.19%、44.3%和45.45%。青霉属(Penicillium)只在红古葡萄叶部分离到,根霉属(Rhizopus)和曲霉属(Aspergillus)只在天祝葡萄叶部分离到。筛选出21种对葡萄灰霉病菌菌丝有抑制效果的拮抗菌。

The amounts of adnascent microorganisms were measured and the filamentous fungi identified on grape leaves at different developmental stages under different ecological conditions. The results showed that the amounts of fungi and germs from Honggu were significantly more than from Tianzhu. The fungi increased gradually from the enlargement stage to the maturity stage, and then decreased a bit. The occurrence of germs was similar to the fungus in Honggu, but in Tianzhu, the germs increased from the enlargement stage to the pigmentation stage, and then decreased at maturity stage. Under the same conditions, the difference between the amounts and kinds of fungi was significant. In Honggu, the predominant filamentous fungi were Alternaria, Cladosporium, Coniothyrium and Phoma. In Tianzhu, the predominant filamentous fungi were Alternaria, Cladosporium, Coniothyrium, Rhizopus and Aspergillos. Moreover, Penicillium only appeared in Honggu, and Rhizopus and Aspergillos only appeared in Tianzhu. Twenty-one antagonistic bacterial strains were selected for controlling Botrytis.