新世纪乡土小说的“城乡”价值迷思

A Dilemma of Urban-rural Values in New-era Rural Novels

新世纪乡土小说根据书写场域的变换可以分为"在乡"、"进城"和"返乡"三种典型的叙事模式。"在乡"叙事对乡村的封建意识和权力政治进行批判,表现出对城市现代文明的热切向往;"进城"叙事关注农民离乡进城的生存状态,城市又成为罪恶的渊薮,透露出对乡村的浪漫怀想与回归传统的强烈意识;而再次由城到乡的"返乡"叙事则揭示了市场观念冲击下乡村传统文化与道德的没落,在城市中殷殷展望的可爱家园又温情不再。当文学对象在"乡村-城市-乡村"之间发生转换后,三类叙事对城乡的想象所出现的悖论性书写,以及作家对城乡的情感向度所发生的钟摆式摇晃,反映出社会和文化心理方面的诸多影响因素。

In the light of locality the rural novels can be classified into three typical narrative patterns：rural,urban and back to the countryside.Rural narration attacks the feudalist conception and power politics in the countryside and expresses a strong passion for the modernized urban civilization.While urban narration focuses on the farmers＇ survival when they leave home for the city,which then becomes the origin of evils.This narration reveals an emotional nostalgia and an intense regression to tradition.Then the return from city to countryside exposes the decline of traditional rural culture and moral values,and moreover,a lost hope of a happy family in city.With the transition of the locality from the countryside to city and then back to the countryside again the three narrative patterns on the whole present a complex envision of the urban and rural life,indicate the writers＇ dangling sensibility of the countryside and city and reflect a number of factors that impact the social and cultural psychology.