试论诉讼证明标准的客观真实与一元制

Objective Truth and Unification of the Test of Proof

诉讼证明的终极对象为实体法律要件事实,对实体法律要件事实的价值评判和利益衡量以及要件事实与行为结果之间因果关系的判断,决定着立法者对实体法律要件事实的摄取和规定。"法律真实论"在理论上难以成立,以此指导司法实践也是有害的,因此,应当坚持客观真实的诉讼证明标准。由于诉讼证明标准是对司法者认定实体法律要件事实的应然要求,即追求实体法律要件事实的客观存在,因此,刑事诉讼与民事诉讼的诉讼证明标准应为一元制。

What is to be ultimately proved in litigation is the fact required in substantive law. Assessment of the value and balance of the interests of the substantive law fact and judgment of the causal relationship between the fact and consequence of the conduct determine how legislators deliberate and provide the fact required in the substantive law. Legal truth can hardly be justified in logic and thus is not available in judicial practice. Rather, the proof test based on objective truth should be maintained. Because the test of proof is an ＂ought-to- be requirement＂ for the court to find the fact in substantive law, i.e. , to seek for the objective existence of the fact in substantive law, the test of proof in the criminal proceedings and that in civil litigation should be unified.