瘤胃厌氧真菌纤维素酶的研究与开发进展

Advances in Research and Development of Rumen Anaerobic Fungal Cellulases

瘤胃厌氧真菌被归为壶菌纲,在超显微结构和生物化学性质上与需氧真菌有严格的区分。瘤胃厌氧真菌能够分泌活性很高的纤维素酶,甚至是酶活最高的超级酶,这些酶是降解植物细胞壁纤维素所必需的。本文介绍了主要瘤胃厌氧真菌所产纤维素酶的研究现状,对瘤胃厌氧真菌纤维素酶开发利用的各种途径进行了综述,重点是瘤胃厌氧真菌纤维素酶基因的克隆表达、转基因动植物的研究以及瘤胃厌氧真菌纤维素酶的分子改造。

The rumen anaerobic fungi belong to the class Chytridiomycetes,and have distinct ultrastructural and biochemical features that distinguish them from aerobic fungi. It is well known that the rumen anaerobic fungi can secrete highly efficient cellulases even super enzyme,required for digestion of plant cell wall material. In this paper,the major rumen anaerobic fungi and their cellulase systems were briefly introduced firstly,and then some possible ways to develop and utilize the rumen anaerobic fungal cellulases,focusing on the cloning and expression of cellulase gene,transgenic animal and plant and reconstruction of rumen anaerobic fungal cellulase were reviewed.