(亚洲棉×比克氏棉)F_1双二倍体与海岛棉的种间杂种F_1的形态学和细胞学研究

Studies on the morphology and cytology of the tri specific hybrid F 1 between the allotetraploid of ( G. arboreum × G. bickii ) F 1 and G. barbadense . Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural University

用人工合成的（亚洲棉×比克氏棉）Ｆ１双二倍体（２ｎ＝４ｘ＝５２，Ａ２Ａ２Ｇ２Ｇ２染色体组）和海岛棉（２ｎ＝４ｘ＝５２，ＡＡＤＤ染色体组）杂交，获得［（亚洲棉×比克氏棉）Ｆ１双二倍体×海岛棉］Ｆ１种间三元杂种，并对其进行形态特征和细胞学的观察研究．结果表明：①双二倍体与海岛棉无色素腺体品种杂交产生的Ｆ１种子，其种仁无色素腺体，但植株有少量色素腺体；而与海岛棉有色素腺体品种杂交产生的Ｆ１种子，其种仁和植株均有色素腺体；②Ｆ１植株的株型、叶形等性状趋于海岛棉亲本，花器性状如花色却偏向于野生比克氏棉，而花朵大小等为超亲遗传性状；③种间三元杂种Ｆ１花粉母细胞在减数分裂中期Ｉ形成大量单价体，其染色体构型为２ｎ＝４ｘ＝５２＝４２．８Ⅰ＋４．６Ⅱ，减数分裂后期Ⅰ染色体向两极分离不均，产生多种类型的不育小孢子，致使杂种高度不育．

The tri specific hybrids were obtained by crossing the allotetraploid of G.arboreum × G.bickii (2 n=4x =52, A 2A 2G 2G 2 genome)with different varieties of G.barbadense (2 n=4x =52, AADD genome)and their morphological and cytological characters were studied in this paper. The results were shown as follows: ①the kernels of the tri specific hybrid F 1 which was derived from a cross with a glandless parent of G.barbadense were glandless completely, while those derived from the glanded parent of G.barbadense were glanded, and the other parts of the plant of the two tri specific hybrids F 1 were glanded, although the density and size of the glands between two hybrids were different greatly; ②plant type and leaf type on the plant of the tri specific hybrid F 1 tended to the male parent, G.barbadense , while the flower characters such as flower color tended to G. bickii , and flower size were overinherited; ③there were a lot of univalents in the PMC of the hybrid F 1 at metaphase I, and the meiotic configuration was described as 2 n=4x =52=42.8Ⅰ+4.6Ⅱ, and at anaphase Ⅰ, the chromosomes were separated abnormally, which formed the different types of the sterile microspores and led to the high sterile of the tri specific hybrid F 1 。