美国国防工业发展历程和特点

Development and Features of US Defense Industry

根据美国智库——CSBA(战略和预算评估中心)的研究报告,美国国防工业的发展自1945年以来,大致可分为三个时期:1945～1960年的形成和成长期;1960～1990年的成熟期;1990～2007年的调整重组期。这些时期的划分大致是与冷战的出现、冷战的进行以及该工业界应对冷战结束后出现的安全环境所做的努力相对应的。每一时期影响美国国防工业发展的因素很多,包括军事冲突、国防开支的波动、新技术的应用、以及新制度的出现等。美国政府即使对国防工业进行了努力的调整,但是,当今的美国国防工业仍然存在一些问题需要不断去解决。

According to the research report presented by a US tank：Center of Strategy and Budget Assessment,US defense industry development can be divided into three phases：1945～1960 formation and growth phase; 1960～1990 maturity phase; 1990～2007 restructuring and merger phase. This sort of phase division corresponds to Cold War emergence,Cold War ongoing and industrial response to the changing security environments after Cold War. US defense industry development in each phase is affected by many factors,such as military conflicts,defense expenditure fluctuation,new technologies and new policies. Even though US government is making significant adjustment on domestic defense industry,current US defense industry still has troublesome issues to be solved.