生态保护视角下北极法律制度的缺失与完善

The Improvement of the Arctic Legal System from the Perspective of Ecological Protection

现有的与北极生态保护有关的国际法律制度是以联合国海洋法条约、国际环境条约、斯匹次卑尔根群岛条约以及北极地区国家法律为主要框架的,但现有北极法律缺失"生态"理念,北极生态保护以"软法"为主,并且保护北极生态的法律制度存在空缺,缺乏整体观,北极诸多环境法律存在于不同法域,呈现出不成体系性。而以生态整体观的方法来整合现有的保护北极生态的法律,充分考虑保护北极生态系统各个成分的法律之间的联系和协调,并由生态学规律引申出北极生态保护法律原则,最终形成对北极生态进行整体保护的法律制度在目前是现实可行的。

The existing international legal system of the Arctic ecological protection is based on the main frame including UNCLOS,the international environmental treaties,Spitsbergen Treaty and the Arctic national laws.But the existing Arctic legal system is not holistic and systematic,with ＂ecological＂ concept missing,the Arctic ecosystem protection mainly with ＂soft law＂,and the Arctic environmental law existing in different fields.With the ecological method to integrate the existing protection laws can take into account the connection and coordination of the various components.It is now realistic to extend the principle of the Arctic ecosystem law from the ecological rule,and finally form the Arctic overall protection legal system.