无核葡萄胚挽救苗的抗病性鉴定

Identification of disease resistance of seedless grape embryo-rescue seedlings

【目的】对无核葡萄胚挽救苗进行抗白粉病、黑痘病和霜霉病鉴定,筛选抗病无核葡萄杂种单株。【方法】2008-2009年,采用田间自然鉴定方法,对欧洲葡萄无核品种×中国野生葡萄、无核品种×有核品种、无核品种×无核品种、无核品种自交共10个组合获得的219株胚挽救苗进行抗病性鉴定。【结果】在219株无核葡萄胚挽救苗中,筛选出抗白粉病且抗黑痘病和霜霉病的杂种4株[05-1-2(爱莫无核×北醇),03-2-14、03-2-19、03-2-24(火焰无核×黑龙江实生)],抗白粉病且抗黑痘病的杂种2株,抗白粉病且抗霜霉病的杂种9株,抗黑痘病且抗霜霉病的杂种73株,仅抗白粉病的杂种3株,仅抗黑痘病的杂种32株,仅抗霜霉病的杂种29株。【结论】获得的抗病无核葡萄杂种单株可为进一步选育新品系奠定基础。

【Objective】 The seedless grape hybrids with disease-resistance were obtained by identification of resistance to powdery mildew（Uncinla necator）,anthracnose（Sphacerlouna ampelinum） and downy mildew（Plasmopara viticola） of seedless grape embryo-rescue seedlings.【Method】 Under natural field condition,disease resistance of 219 embryo-rescue seedlings derived from 10 cross combinations with European seedless grape cultivar×Chinese wild grape,European seedless grape cultivar×Seeded grape cultivar,European seedless grape cultivar×European grape cultivar and European seedless grape cultivar selfing cross were evaluated from 2008 to 2009.【Result】 The results showed that 4 plants [05-1-2（Vitis vinifera cultivar Olmo Seedless×hybrid Beichun）,03-2-14,03-2-19 and 03-2-24（Vitis vinifera cultivar Flame Seedless×V.amurensis line Heilongjiang Seedling）] of them were resistant to powdery mildew and anthracnose as well as downy mildew,2 of them were resistant to powdery mildew and anthracnose,9 of them were resistant to powdery mildew and downy mildew,73 of them were resistant to anthracnose and downy mildew,3 of them were only resistant to powdery mildew,32 of them were only resistant to anthracnose,and 29 of them were only resistant to downy mildew.【Conclusion】 The disease-resistant seedless grape embryo-rescue seedlings will lay a foundation for breeding new varieties.