树形对桃树叶片及果实品质和产量的影响

Effects of tree shape on the quality of leaf and fruit and the yield in peach

【目的】研究树形对桃树叶片及果实品质和产量的影响,为桃树栽培中适宜树形的选择及高产优质栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以6年生桃树品种"甜桃王"为试材,比较了开心形和纺锤形桃树叶片及果实品质和产量的差异。【结果】(1)4-10月份,2种树形桃树叶片光合色素含量的变化趋势基本一致,纺锤形桃树叶片6月份的叶绿素a含量、8月份和9月份的叶绿素b含量显著高于开心形桃树;开心形桃树叶片9月份的叶绿素a含量、6月份的叶绿素b含量、6-10月份的类胡萝卜素含量显著高于纺锤形桃树。(2)2种树形桃树叶片比叶质量均存在由内向外,由上到下升高的趋势。(3)除7月份外,开心形桃树叶片的可溶性蛋白含量均显著高于纺锤形桃树。(4)2种树形桃树果实的果形指数、果皮叶绿素含量及可滴定酸含量之间无显著差异;相同冠层开心形桃树果实的单果质量均显著高于纺锤形桃树;纺锤形桃树中、下层树冠的果实硬度均显著高于开心形桃树;上层树冠开心形桃树果实的可溶性固形物含量显著高于纺锤形桃树;开心形桃树上、中层树冠果实的可溶性糖含量显著高于纺锤形桃树。(5)开心形桃树的单株产量较纺锤形桃树高13.44 kg,但每公顷产量仅为纺锤形桃树的64.9%。【结论】桃树生产上采用纺锤形树形,可以显著提高桃树产量,但其果实品质有所下降。

【Objective】 The effects of different tree shapes on the quality of leaf and fruit,and yield of peach trees were studied,aiming to provide advice for the selection of tree type in peach production.【Method】 Taking 6-year-old ＂Tiantaowang＂ peach as experimental materials,measurement and analysis of leaf and fruit quality and yield of two tree shapes between open center and spindle were studied.【Result】（1）From April to October,the changing trend of photosynthetic pigment contents of two shape＇s peach trees were the same;the chlorophylla content in June and the chlorophyllb content in August and September of spindle shape peach were significantly higher than that of open center shape tree;but the chlorophylla content in September,the chlorophyllb content in June and the carotenoid content between June to October of open center shape peach were significantly higher than that of spindle peach.（2）Specific leaf weight of two shapes all showed increasing trend from interior to exterior and from up to down.（3）Except for July,the contents of soluble protein in leaf of open center shape peach were obviously higher than that of spindle peach.（4）The shape index,chlorophyll contents of the peel,the contents of titratable acid of fruits between open center and spindle shapes peach did not show significant differences;in the same canopy,the fruit weight of open center shape peach was significantly higher than that of spindle peach;in the middle and lower canopy,fruit firmness of spindle shape peach was significantly higher than that of open center peach.The soluble solid content in the upper crown of open center peach and the soluble sugar content in the upper and middle crown of open center speech were significantly higher than that of spindle peach.（5）The yield of open center shape peach was 13.44 kg more than that of spindle peach;but converted unit yield only occupied 64.9% of the spindle shape.【Conclusion】 Spindle shape peach could significantly improve the yield,but the quality of fruits decreased somewhat.