药用栀子和二种观赏型栀子的细胞学研究

Cytological Study of Two Ornamental Gardenia jasminoides and Medicinal Gardenia jasminoides

采用压片法对药用栀子、狭叶栀子及大花栀子的花粉母细胞减数分裂及核型进行了研究。结果表明:3种栀子的绝大多数花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中染色体的行为正常,仅在3种栀子少数花粉母细胞中观察到落后染色体和染色体桥等异常行为;药用栀子的花粉粒育性最高,约为99%,狭叶栀子的花粉粒育性较低,约为45.5%,而大花栀子的花粉粒育性最低,为39.5%;3种栀子的染色体数目均为2n=2X=22,其中药用栀子的核型公式为K(2n)=2X=22=2x=4m+7sm,其核型为"3B"型,狭叶栀子的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=22=6m+5sm、大花栀子的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=22=7m+4sm,后2种观赏型栀子的核型均为"2B"型。

The meiosis of pollen mother cells and karyotype analyzed for the Medicinal Gardenia jasrninoides, G. jasrninoides Elli var. angustifolia Nakai and G. jasrninoides Elli var. grandiflora Nakai by applying squash method. The result showed that in three kinds of Gardenia most pollen mother cells meiosis chromosome behavior was normal. In a few pollen mother cells of three kinds of Gardenia Lagging chromosome and chromosomal bridge were founded during meiosis. The stainability of the pollen grains of Medicinal Gardenia was the highest, about 99 % ;The stainability of the pollen grains of G. jasminoides Elli var. angustifolia Nakai was 45. 5 %, the lowest one was G. jasrninoides Elli vat. grandiflora Nakai ,about 39. 5% ;The chromosome numbers of three types of Gardenia all were 2n=2X=22 . The karyotype formula of medicinal gardenia was K（2n）=2X=22=2x=4m＋7sm, and karyotype belonging to ＂3B＂. The karyotype formula of G. jasrninoides Elli var. angustifolia Nakai was K（2n）=2x=22=6m＋5sm,with karyotype belonging to ＂2B＂. The karyotype formula of G. jasminoides Elli var. grandiflora Nakai was K（2n）= 2x=22= 7m＋4sm ,with karyotype belonging to ＂2B＂,too.